greek orthodox Essay -- essays research papers

The Greek Orthodox Church is one of the three major branches of Christianity, which "stands in todays society as one of the communities created by the apostles of Jesus in the region of the eastern Mediterranean, and which spread by missionary activity throughout Eastern Europe" .The word Jewish-Orthodox comes from Greek, this means right-believing. Currently, the orthodox religion has more than 174 million followers throughout the world. The Greek Orthodox church is autocephalous, which means governed by its own judgment bishop. The head bishops of this autocephalous church may be called patriarch, metropolitan, or archbishop. These clergymen are much like the Pope they decide church doctrine and generally make important decisions on controversial topics. In its doctrine statements, "the Greek Orthodox church strongly affirms that it holds the original Christian faith, which was common to East and West during the first millennium of Christian history" (Meyendorff 18). More particularly, it recognizes the authority of the ecumenical councils at which East and West were represented together. These were the councils of Nicaea I (325), Constantinople (381), Ephesus(431), Chalcedon(451), Constantinople II (553), Constantinople III (680), and Nicaea II (787) (Encarta 1996). The power of teaching and manoeuver the community is bestowed on certain ministries, particularly that of the bishop of each diocese or is directed through certain institutions, such as councils...

Characters, Setting, and Conflicts in A Tale of Two Cities Essay

Characters, Setting, and Conflicts in A level of Two Cities In the novel, A storey of Two Cities, Charles Dickens utilizes the characters, setting, conflicts, and other literary devices to convey the tone and establish an attitude about human beings and society. Dickens connects this novel with the French Revolution. Many of his descriptions match back to the Revolution and help convey the tone of depression. Dickens saw similarities between the forces that led to the Revolution and the oppression and unrest occurring in England during his time (Cliff notes). Although he supported the idea of people rising up against tyranny, the personnel that characterized the French Revolution disturbed him (Cliff notes). Dickens was drawn to a play, The Frozen Deep, written by Wilkie Collins in which he acted. In this play, two men competed for one woman, like in A Tale of Two Cities, when Charles Darnay and Sidney Carton compete against distributively other for Lucie Manett e. Dickens makes clear the characters in this novel through their actions rather than dialogue, which make this novel different from the rest. Dickens social ideas in this novel are kinda simple. He feels the French Revolution was inevitable because the aristocracy oppressed the being of the poor, driving them to revolt (Cliff notes). In A Tale of Two Cities Dickens attempts to come out his readers the dangers of a possible revolution (Cliff notes). He relies on his descriptive skills to convey the significance of revolution and resurrection in the novel. In addition, he portrays the horror of mob violence throughout the novel, leaving the readers with images of waves of people crashing through the battered gates of the Bastille, for exampl... ... Dr. Manette and he is returned to sanity. Sydney Cartons life changes from despair to honor. Because of the great change in Carton, Darnays life is spared. The power of enjoy and determination is clearly demonstrated by the resurrection of Dr. Alexander Manette, Sydney Carton, and Charles Darnay. Sources Cited and Consulted Collins, Irene. Charles Dickens and the French Revolution. Literature and History 1.1 (1990) 40-57. Dickens, Charles. A Tale of Two Cities. 1859. New York Bantam, 1983. Gross, John. A Tale of Two Cities. Dickens and the Twentieth Century. Ed. John Gross and Gabriel Pearson. London Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1962. 187-97. Kalil, Marie. Cliffs notes on Charles Dickens A Tale of Two Cities. Cliff Notes Inc, June 2000 http//www.sparknotes.com/lit/twocities/

Properties of Hydrogen :: essays research papers

HYDROGEN Hydrogen is a gaseous element, symbol H, usually classed in group 1 (or Ia) of the periodic table Hydrogen melts at 259.2 C (434.56 F) and boils at 252.77 C (422.986 F). Hydrogen was confused with other gases until the British chemist Henry Cavendish demonstrated in 1766 that it was evolved by the action of sulfuric acid on metals and also showed at a later date that it was an independent substance that combined with oxygen to haoma water. The British chemist Joseph Priestley named the gas inflammable air in 1781, and the French chemist Antoine Laurent Lavoisier renamed it heat content Properties and OccurrenceAt ordinary temperatures hydrogen is a colorless, tasteless, and inodorous gas, with a density of 0.089 g/liter at 0 C (32 F). It is highly flammable. Like most gaseous elements it is diatomic (its molecules contain two atoms), alone it dissociates into free atoms at high temperatures. Hydrogen has a lower boiling point and melting point than any other substance ex cept helium. gas hydrogen, first obtained by the British chemist Sir James Dewar in 1898, is colorless (but light blue in thick layers) with sp.gr. 0.070. when allowed to evaporate rapidly under reduced pressure it freezes into a colorless solid. Hydrogen is a mixture of two allotropic forms, orthohydrogen and check bithydrogen, ordinary hydrogen containing about three-fourths of the ortho form and one-fourth of the para form. The melting point and boiling point of the two forms differ slightly from those of ordinary hydrogen. Practically pure parahydrogen is obtained by adsorbing ordinary hydrogen on oxford gray at about 225 C (about 373 F). Hydrogen is known to exist in three isotopic forms. The nucleus of each atom of ordinary hydrogen is placid of one proton. Deuterium, present in ordinary hydrogen to the extent of 0.02 percent, contains one proton and one neutron in the nucleus of each atom and has an atomic mass of two. Tritium , an unstable, radioactive isotope, contains o ne proton and two neutrons in the nucleus of each atom, and has an atomic mass of three. Both deuterium and tritium are essential components of nuclear fusion weapons, or hydrogen bombs. Free hydrogen is found only in very small traces in the atmosphere, but solar and stellar spectra show that it is abundant in the sun and other stars, and is, in fact, the most common element in the universe. In combination with other elements it is widely distributed on the earth, where the most important and abundant abstruse of hydrogen is water, H2O.

Gothic and Romanesque Cathedrals Essay -- Architecture History Essays

Gothic and Romanesque Cathedrals The Romanesque style transformed into the Gothic style during the Middle Ages. This happened for umteen reasons. The Romanesque period was a time of trial and error while the Gothic period was a time of advancements in inventions. Religion was an important factor in the shift between Romanesque and Gothic. The locations of the two types of cathedrals also contributed toward the change between Romanesque and Gothic, as well as the power of the relics and the community to raise funds for the Gothic cathedrals. at that place are several reasons the architecture of the cathedral changed from Romanesque to Gothic in the Middle Ages.The Romanesque period lasted from 1000 to 1200 AD. Todays France was the center of Romanesque architecture and the birthplace of one of the most beutiful features of gallant architecture, the ambulatory with radiating chapels. Romanesque is the name we give to christian architecture in Western Europe from the end of the Roma n Empire to about the close of the duodecimal century. It is the architecture of a long period of struggle, suffering, and invenion leading to two centuries of glorious achievement. There are many reasons that the Romanesque cathedrals were built. They were built not only as a place of worship, but also to house the shrines of the relics brought back from the Holy Land by the Crusades. The remains of saints and martyrs attracted thousands of pilgrims seeking pardon from sins or miraculous cures or wished patently to pay homage to a favorite saint.The Romanesque period was an age of new and experimental architecture. One advancement in construction was the shift to all-stone structure that replaced the forest ceilings that caused many churches to burn down. One experimental architectural style was the use of stone barrel and groined vaults in the early Romanesque church. The stone vaulting let the architects relieve oneself on a larger scale than before.The Gothic style emerged o ut of architectual style of the Romanesque cathedrals. The Gothic style started in northern France and spread throughout knightly Europe. The two styles of architecture were similar in many ways but also The difference between Gothic and Romanesque architecture is the spiritual approach. In Romanesque,the idiom was on transcendental and feudalistic systems whereas in the Gothic this approach was humanized and... ...le. They were successful at accomplishing this that not only did the cathedral serve its purpose of providing church work for the people, but also began to symbolize a commanding position in the lives of men and women.In conclusion, the Romanesque period of architecture transformed into the Gothic period of architecture for amny reasons. The shift occurred because of the inventions that the Gothic architects created, the locations of the two different styles of architecture, the raising of money for the cathedrals, and the competitiveness between the communities to ha vea better, bigger cathedral.Works CitedBrooks, Chris.The Gothic Revival. LondonPhaidon Press Ltd.,1999.Erlande, Alain. The CathedralThe complaisant andArchitectual Dynamics of construction.New YorkCambridge University press,1994.Simson von,Otto. The Gothic Cathedral Origins of Gothic Architecture and the Medieval Concept of Order. PrincetonPrinceton University press,1988.Cathedrals. Kristen Schank. 5 dec. 1995. http//www5.palmnet.net/eschank/cathedral.htmlGothic Architecture in EnglandThe cathedrals. Amy Johansen. 9 may 1999. http//members.tripod.com/gothic_architecture/index.html

Ghost Story of the Haunted Abandoned Factory :: Ghost Stories Urban Legends

Ghost stories and urban legends have a power over people that other types of stories lack. These stories give the axe deeply scare people and lead them to question certain things in life. The fashion in which the story teller delivers the story can greatly view how haunting the story is and how long it lingers in the listeners heads. Urban legends pertaining to a certain region have even more of an effect on peoples beliefs. That scary house on the corner may never be the same to somebody after they are told about the gruesome murder that purportedly happened there many years ago.The ghost story chosen for this paper was told by a 19 year-old Caucasian male college student. The story involves a supposedly preoccupied building in the nearby town. He heard the story from a friend but does not recall when or where he set-back heard the story. He recounted the story in the afternoon while sitting in his room with a few other students watching television. According to his sto ry, the haunted building was once used as a factory. One day there was a fire which burned down a good mess of the building and killed all the workers inside. The ruins can still be seen and are alleged to be haunted by ghosts of the deceased factory workers. The teller once move to locate the factory ruins at night with a few friends but had trouble doing so. He said they found people looking for the same entrust and joined them to find it. They found an old building in an isolated area but were not sure if it was the correct place. The story teller recalls having an eerie feeling when arriving at the isolated building. He and his friends soon left without exploring further because the uneasiness about the area began to scare them. The teller told the story in a rushed manner, quickly telling the details. Upon recalling his eerie feelings while searching for the building, he broke into nervous laughter, and one could tell he was somewhat unnerved by the experience. Th is conclusion led the listeners to believe that searching for the old factory would be a scary experience.From research, it is apparent that Ellicott City has numerous areas believed to be haunted, along with legends posterior these areas.

Essay --

Thirty age WarThe Thirty Years War was a series of wars fought in the holy place Roman empire, involving most of the countries within, the war lasted 30 years. This war massively affected europe and created a cultural divide between catholics and protestants. Philip III of Spain attempted to reside the foreign policy views of his father, Philip II, which basically meant that Spain had to be kept ready for war. Thus in 1618, when Ferdinand II, heir apparent to the throne of Bohemia, began to slash certain religious privileges enjoyed by his subjects there, they immediately appealed for aid to the Protestants in the rest of the empire and to the leading foreign Protestant states Great Britain, the Dutch Republic, and Denmark (Trueman). Even though the war between the German Catholics and German Protestants were all in the Holy Roman Empire were some(prenominal) Christian it slowly spread was more of a fight over the symmetry of power.There were two sides in the Thirty Years War th e Protestant League and the Catholic League. The Protestant League consisted of Frederick of Bohemia who was the leader of the Protestant princes, Denmark led by king Christian IV, Sweden led by king Gustavus Adolphus, and the Netherlands led by the house of orange all financially supported by king of France Louis XIII. The Catholic League consisted of the leader Duke Maximillian of Bavaria, Holy Roman Empire Led by Emperor Ferdinand II, and king of Spain Philip IV (Billiet). There were five major phases of the Thirty Years War the Bohemian Revolt, Palatinate phase, Danish intervention, Swedish intervention, and the French intervention (Thomas).In the Bohemian phase a group of Bohemian Protestants captured the governors of prague and threw them out of the palace w... ...ing both flanks the remaining infantry moved to attack the Tercio of Naples (the best unit in the Spanish army). The German infantry failed horrendously, and the Spanish veterans held their ground due to some tendi ng from the musketeers in the woods. The spanish managed to wound Brunswick and drove his army off the field. The Protestants lost 3,000, 500 were wounded, and 1,500 captured. The spanish couldnt have asked for a better fight. The Spanish suffered ccc dead and 900 wounded. The following day the Spanish cavalry obliterated the remaining Protestant infantry as they marched. Of the 24,000 men that left the Palatine that day provided 3,000 Protestant cavalry managed to reach the next town (Thomas). As shown many times in historical past battles like the persians vs. the greeks numbers dont matter its the strategy and will of the people to protect their way of life.

Essay --

Thirty Years WarThe Thirty Years War was a series of wars fought in the Holy Roman empire, involving most of the countries within, the war lasted 30 years. This war massively affected europe and created a cultural divide in the midst of catholics and protestants. Philip III of Spain attempted to continue the foreign policy views of his father, Philip II, which basically meant that Spain had to be kept ready for war. Thus in 1618, when Ferdinand II, heir apparent to the throne of Bohemia, began to fling certain religious privileges enjoyed by his subjects there, they immediately appealed for aid to the Protestants in the rest of the empire and to the leading foreign Protestant states Great Britain, the Dutch Republic, and Denmark (Trueman). Even though the war between the German Catholics and German Protestants were all in the Holy Roman Empire were both Christian it slowly spread was more of a fight over the balance of power.There were two sides in the Thirty Years War the Protesta nt League and the Catholic League. The Protestant League consisted of Frederick of Bohemia who was the attractor of the Protestant princes, Denmark led by king Christian IV, Sweden led by king Gustavus Adolphus, and the Netherlands led by the house of orange all financially back up by king of France Louis XIII. The Catholic League consisted of the leader Duke Maximillian of Bavaria, Holy Roman Empire Led by Emperor Ferdinand II, and king of Spain Philip IV (Billiet). There were volt major phases of the Thirty Years War the capital of Italy Revolt, Palatinate phase, Danish intervention, Swedish intervention, and the French intervention (Thomas).In the Bohemian phase a group of Bohemian Protestants captured the governors of prague and threw them out of the palace w... ...ing both flanks the remaining infantry moved to attack the Tercio of Naples (the best unit in the Spanish army). The German infantry failed horrendously, and the Spanish veterans held their reason due to some he lp from the musketeers in the woods. The spanish managed to wound Brunswick and drove his army off the field. The Protestants lost 3,000, 500 were wounded, and 1,500 captured. The spanish couldnt have asked for a better fight. The Spanish suffered 300 dead and 900 wounded. The following day the Spanish cavalry obliterated the remaining Protestant infantry as they marched. Of the 24,000 men that left(a) the Palatine that day only 3,000 Protestant cavalry managed to reach the next town (Thomas). As shown many times in historical past battles equal the persians vs. the greeks numbers dont matter its the strategy and will of the people to protect their way of life.

Having different plots the two stories nevertheless indicate the common concept

Are the great unwashed part of this world or we really dont belong to it? mayhap were just strangers, the incidental guests, who dropped in for a moment?This idea unites the two stories, which Im going to analyze A Very centenarian Man with Enormous Wings by Gabriel Garcia Marquez and My unique Irene by Jose Alcantara Alcanzar. Both stories create the impression of hopelessness, as they indicate bitter alienation of a sympathetic in a society, which is ready to swallow his identity.Having different plots, the two stories nevertheless indicate the common concept they allegorically describe a persons life from birth to death. However, in both stories birth and death change their meaning to the reverse one.The time, when the events start, is said to be the beginning of spring, which is naturally associated with the birth. In Marquezs story the birth is also marked by the presence of a new-born baby, but it not him, who is symbolically born but a old universe with enormous wings. I t is suggestive that is born already old, like in the legend about Buddhas birth.The reverse order of things is also demonstrated in the circumstance that he is born from the earth, even from mud (analogical to the traditional burial of a pitying body). Thats the picture Pelayo saw He had to go very plastered to see that it was an old man, a very old man, lying face down in the mud, who, in spite of his tremendous efforts, couldnt get up, blank out by his enormous wings (p.371, paragraph 1).It is opposite to the beautiful concept, when a child, pure and innocent, is sent by the heaven. But in Marquezs perception, a serviceman is mercilessly thrown into this world, where he has to face loneliness and misunderstanding.The Angel is disempowered and helpless throughout his staying among people, and so is the heroine of Alcanzar story. And the reason for the condition is the same the wings. Irene is butterfly, which a certain variation of angelic image too. Besides, it is interesti ng to note that for ancient Greeks butterfly sounded exactly like the word, denoting a human soul psyche.That why in the story My Singular Irene the same way from birth to death- in a conventional meaning is symbolically described, which is in fact has the opposite direction from death to life, to renaissance, to magic transformation.For long time hes been kept in her cocoon by her husband who embodies limits of the society. It is noteworthy, that in his narration he uses a lot of restricting words as allow, permit, demand, forgive and forbid. All of them he applies to Irene. He tries to control his wifes life, leaving her no space for breathing. It would be wrong to say that he doesnt love her, he does in fact in his own way, as a collector of butterflies.Indeed, the metaphor of a butterfly acquires a broader meaning Irene rolled down the window and by accident some butterflies got inside and were trapped (p.12, paragraph 3) This sentence suggests the concept of human life as se en by Almanzar. It is evident that this view is very similar to the one presented by Marquez.An angel who was thrown into this world and was put by people into a cage reveals the same meaning as butterfly-person, who flew into this world accidentally an was trapped. For both writers, the metaphor for human existence is prison.For Almanzar it is both prison and journey, so that as a result we have a kind of prison on wheels. For Marquez life is a cage in a zoo with thousands of spectators watching and agonizing you. I fact, life is a hell for angels.

Compare how poets portray relationships in ‘Praise Song For My Mother’ and ‘Ghazal’ Essay

Both praise song for my mother and ghazal occasion wording devices to portray relationships. They use imagery, metaphors and structure to do so. They bother portray in different ways. praise song for my mother portrays relationships as happy and fun whereas ghazal portrays them as unpredictable and ever changing.In ghazal, Khalvati writes a different comparison to relish in each stanza. If yours is the iron fist in the velvet glove/if I rise in the east you die in the west. The fact that Khalvati has done this shows that love is neer the same. It overly shows that it is constantly changing and can never be predicted. It could also show that the womans love for the man is constant the mans love for the woman is unreliable and is constantly changing.On the other hand, in praise song for my mother each stanza seems the convey the same thing about love, that it is happy and constant. you were break of the day to me rise and warm and streaming. The word sunrise means that the person as lover was what lit up their day and helped them see clearly. It could also mean that their love was constant and never failed as the sun rises every morning time in a continuous pattern. The word warm has also been used and this could suggest that they are always nice to each other and never argue. estrus can also be linked to the colour red and this in turn can be linked to love, therefore the persona is indirectly expressing their love for this person without facing it head on.In praise song for my mother Nichols has used imagery to portray the relationship. you were the fishes red lamella to me. Nichols has used the word gill to show that the persona needed the other person. A fish wouldnt be able to survive without its gills and this shows that the persona might as well be dead without the other person. Everyone would be able to relate to this as everyone has suffered heartbreak. This would help to keep the interested and mean that they can empathise with the reader. Thewor d red has also been used and love is a connotation of the colour red. On the other hand red can be linked to death and this links bottom to the persona saying that they are dead without the other person.Similarly in ghazal Khalvati has also used imagery to show the relationship. when the arrow flies, the heart is pierced, tattoo me. The use of the word tattoo is the persona saying that their love for the other person is eternal and they never want it to end. Tattoos cannot be changed once they are on your splutter and Khalvatis use of the word could mean that they dont want the other person to change as she weighs they are perfect as they are. Khalvatis comparison to an arrow means that her love for the other person was sudden and unexpected. She didnt know it was coming until it struck her.In conclusion I think that both these poems use mostly the same language devices, but where Nichols portrays relationships as a good thing, Khalvati seems to portray them as a bad thing.

Personal Ethics in Nursing Essay

morality is the discipline that waits in the wings as a health-restoring resource when moral guidelines fail to do the mull alone. Ethics provides a language, along with methods, and tools for evaluating the components of personal, societal, and group ethical motive to create a better path for yourself and others. Some of its most important uses argon to clarify, organize, and critique morality to highlight what does and does non fit in a particular situation (Purtilo, 2011).A nurse cultivates personal ethics finished personal, cultural, and spiritual values which becomes a moral compass for their professional ethics. Personal ethics in combination with the code of ethics often assist the nurses in personal and social closing making during ethical predicament. This ability prompts them to better respond to needs of the suffering patient and their own well-being. Nursing ethics shargons m both principles with medical ethics such as beneficence, non-maleficience, and respect fo r autonomy.Nursing ethics however, can be distinguished by its emphasis on relationships, collaborative apprehension and human dignity, because the health c atomic number 18 climate is regularly changing, as is our society, it is crucial that nurses have a grounded understanding of ethics (Ward, 2012). Born in a middle-class Christian family from South India, the unrelenting traditional values helped to embed the concept of serve well through family and friends who taught me trust, respect, integrity, and responsibility for my education and beliefs.One of my major spiritual values that kindled the concept of service within me is do unto others as you would have them do unto you which is found in the Bible. At an early age I started to practice this concept by non only self-respect for myself but mainly treating others with respect. Individuals may build their moral values from listening to their parents, grandparents, apparitional beliefs, friends, books, their local societal v alues and even reflexion television. Moral values and enthusiasm help an individual to understand ones accountability to their profession to deliver harmless, a compassionate work atmosphere.This empowers nurses to further their self-confidence in their profession. Maintaining the existing responsibilities in the breast feeding field is vibrant to assist patients, families, and the general public. Our ethnic standards play a big role in nursing life. Nurses however should not be judgmental of patients beliefs and force their own beliefs in patient care. Hospitals under Joint Commission are responsible for addressing and maintaining patients privileges. These privileges include the accommodation divine, mystical, particular Cultural values and follows while providing care to patients from diverse faiths.Nurses must have reverence and not put down the patients faith and values, and provide care consistently. Being acquainted with a variety of different cultures, languages, and relig ions influence worldly views and nursing decisions in providing culturally sensitive care. The traditional spiritual and cultural morals along with diverse worldviews became the directorial moral compass to take the repair decision on behalf of the patients and personal life and empowered to improve the confidence and capability as a nurse.Values, Morals, and Ethics are often thought of as interweaved and to have the corresponding denotation when each of solely have a different meaning for themselves. Values are ones fundamental beliefs developed from childhood through family and society. Morals are values that attribute to a system of beliefs. Values are the language that has evolved to identify intrinsic things a person, group, or society holds dear. non all values are moral values either. For instance, some things are cherished for their beauty, novelty, or efficiency they bring to our lives (Purtilo, 2011).When values, morals, and ethics of nurse influence his or her professi onal conduct, it often tips to conflicting situation in ones nursing practices. For example, the topic of abortion is frowned upon when looked at from a spiritual Christian standpoint. When a nurses spiritual doctrine is against abortion, it would be against their moral to assist in decision making to abort the baby even when the fetus is deformed, thus arising an ethical dilemma between personal values and coming to an ethical conclusion on aborting the baby.Hospital management may develop a strong Code of Ethics in order to help regulate and maintain a professional atmosphere for nurses so that their decision making will be easier when they incur ethical dilemmas. A Code of Ethics not only serves as a guideline for nurses but also sets a standard for them to abide by. Being in the nursing field my tasks vary from caring, communicating, teaching, bedside care, and even advocating therefore the likelihood of ethical dilemmas are inescapable. Thus far I havent been faced with any maj or ethical dilemmas that would violate my spiritual doctrines that I uphold.Most commonly the ethical dilemmas Ive seen care providers face are usually due to religious and spiritual backgrounds of the patient. Some religions do not support induced death by humans and nurses may have trouble supporting the patient and family closely cases like abortion. Although it is the individuals right to make decisions about their bodies, the religious values do not allow one to be apart of the procedure. therefrom when Ive been in minor ethical dilemmas while being a care provider I go by what is medically and ethically correct.Nurses are an important element of the health care field because their decisions along with commitment play an essential role for the welfare and safety of humanity. If their decision making is found on personal, cultural, and spiritual values then at times they may be faced with an ethical dilemma. In situations where theyre beliefs may be tested, nurses are expecte d to either follow the Code of Ethics set out by their management or they should be professional and do what is medically right in order to deliver quality care.

Human Resource Management and East Midlands Ambulance Essay

1. Executive summaryThe purpose of this report is to investigate the human resource management (HRM) problems that the East Midlands Ambulance Service (EMAS) is experiencing. whiz of the issues EMAS is experiencing is paramedics possess a lack of motivation and commitment to the melody consequently causing a rise in absence. This is caused by the untried budgets cuts enforced on the NHS and is forceing on the paramedics working life such as, johncellation of allocated break dates. Another problem they are facing is the human resource department has been checkmatesized therefor there is one HR manager and adviser c everywhereing 3 counties.This is causing work relations between HR and line managers to break down due to not enough HR staff to support every individual station. It is recommended that HR should allocate time to each station to support managers and employees and directors occur to an agreement to give employees their breaks. There is additional web information to s upport the concepts chosen to analyse the problem. These are www.telegraph.co.uk/article/absenteeism and www.thefreelibaray.com/psycologicalcontacts.2. Problem identification and analysisThe new budget cuts to the National Health Service (NHS) are causing manychanges throughout the organisation one sector of the organisation being highly effectuate is the Ambulance service. Throughout the East Midlands Ambulance Service many cost efficient changes are taking place, however they still have to pull together the same standards of performance to meet their annual targets so that they volition receive the same budget for the service next year if the targets are not met the budget each year will decrease. Major changes to EMAS include* No allocated break times and lunch times. The directors say paramedics are to have their breaks and lunch aboard the ambulance between jobs when they get a hour however due to the increase in emergency calls, reports revealed that some paramedics were n ot having lunch at all throughout a 12 hour shift. This is a breach of not only their write employment contract scarcely their psychological contract as well. * Human resources has been downsized, there were HR managers and advisers for every county over the east midlands. The new change saw one HR manager and one HR adviser covering 3 counties and researched showed that employees felt like they had no one to turn to for advise as there HR department was far too busy for individual employee needs.This is making it very difficult for the HR department to focus on what is demotivating the employees causing absenteeism. Even though there have been many other changes to EMAS these are the priority because the result of these changes has had an immense impact on absence and sick leave, as employees are not satisfied with the new conditions to their job description. The new changes to EMAS are causing a vast cosmic string reaction throughout the organisation mainly because most of the changes are hugely breaching employees psychological contract. The terms they were expecting to have when they were first employed by EMAS has forthwith been removed for example if a paramedic were to smoke there breaks they used to get off the ambulance for refreshments etc. have now been removed they are pass judgment to remain on board the ambulance.Such a breach would have a massive impact on their commitment to the job as they would tone of voice that the employer has been disloyal to them and not having care for the job would lead them to take unnecessary time off. The HR department cutbacks have had a big impact to not only employees but their line mangers to. HR are finding it difficult to attain any spare time to meet with the managers to discuss recentproblems/procedures and so all the contact is being made thought documents and letters leaving the managers confused about dealing with their team. The managers are being put under a great deal of stress as their employee expectations have been disregarded. Managers expect to have the HR department at hand for advice on employee problems and procedure. Not having this is not the job expectation they had when they first started.3. RecommendationsSolutions to these problems are very complex and the most obvious solutions are obstructed by the budget cuts. Yes the HR department need more(prenominal) advisers covering each county but unfortunately that cannot occur, instead propose a new system as to where the HR department travels to each station, maybe 1 district a day, to assist the line managers and provide them with up to date policies and procedures. They could also enlist employee time to discuss and problems they are facing and offer advice. This could attend to build the relationships that are currently being strained. Also arranging for back to work interviews and help schemes for absentees could help to make them tincture more empowered and feel the organisation really needs them back to w ork giving the employee a sense of purpose.As for the impractical break times for paramedics, give them a designated time to eat their lunch and have their breaks in a suitable environment, whilst one team is having a break have another standing in but make sure that whether on a break or not they must always make themselves available should they be needed. A breach in written/psychological contracts like this is unacceptable for the organisation to enforce upon the employees. The research carried out by Steers and Rhodes (1978) on absenteeism is what this organisation should follow because the employees ability to do the job is becoming complicated by a breach in job expectation, not resting on break creating role stress etc. therefor rescinding the employees motivation to work. Studying this research could open up compromises for the managers and their employees.InformationThe web page studied to back up the concept of absenteeism is www.telegraph.co.uk/article/absenteesim on the 26/11/2012 showed that the main cause for absenteeism was work related stress. This web page has beenselected to back up the concept of absenteeism because work related stress can be through unsatisfied job expectation and losing commitment to the role maybe through breaking of a psychological contract. This information was also back up by the web page www.ukessays.co.uk 26/11/2012 which proves the information is a reliable source. The second concept chosen in this report is psychological contracts and web page chosen is www.thefreelibrary.com/psycologicalcontracts 26/11/2012. This page studied what would be a breach of a psychological contract. This information came from an article written by Pittensburg State University and has been back up by other sources mentioned in the article therefore is a reliable source.ReferencesPittensburg State University. (2010). Psychological contracts. www.thefreelibrary.com/psychologicalcontracts. Last accessed 26 Nov 2012. Preston, D (2012). Book 2 An introduction to human resource management in business. p9-22. Steers, R. M. and Rhodes, S. R. (1978) Major influences on employee attendance a process model journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 63, No4, pp. 391-407 The Telegraph. (2011). Absenteeism. www.telegraph.co.uk/absenteeism. Last accessed 26 Nov 2012. UK essays. (2003). concepts of absenteeism. www.ukessays.co.uk. Last accessed 26 Nov 2012.

Naked States Film Reaction Paper Essay

The idiosyncrasies of filmgraphy argon nothing new in my book, I happen to have a cameraphile (for lack of a better word) sister, who prides herself of having reserven pictures of every little monument, statue or building she stumbles upon. Every time our family goes on a holiday on a new location, she takes it upon herself to take whatsoeverthing worth storing in her camera (in almost every angle), which means everything and we stopped every time she has to take a shot, which means every mile.I imagination I knew all the quirks of photography until I gaze upon several dozen naked people lying in the streets of New York City and a distrustful guy casually taking pictures of them. Wow, it hit me, now this is a different story. The only purpose for which power can be ripe(p)fully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others. In a liberal society like ours (sort of), I have found that this principle provides reasons for constr icting impeccant speech when doing so prevents direct harm to rights.This means that very few acts should be prohibited. It recommends very limited intervention in the realm of free speech. All forms of speech or expression that are found to be offensive merely easily avoidable should go unpunished. Public nudity, for example, causes offense to rough people, just now most of us find it at most a bit embarrassing, and it is avoided by a simple turn of the head. The same goes with sex and unmannerly language on television this principle doesnt support criminalizing bigamy or drug use, or the enforcement of seat belts, crash helmets and the like.As we all know, nude photography is a subject to the independence of expression and unless that form of expression is obscene or offensive in nature, it is completely legal. Nude photography is no to a greater extent different from nudity. And like I said, nudity is a prime example of a possibly offensive but victimless state of being. It is not even an exercise or act, since it is not behavior, but simply the absence of clothing. The nude and the naked should therefore be protected by civil rights and liberties, including natural rights, freedom of expression, freedom of religion, freedom of association, and mysterious property rights.And throwing photography into the mix is, again, no different. Of course, most folks dont want naked people to walk mountain the street. But anti-nudity laws extend way beyond this to prohibit nudity in ones property and even inside ones give birth house, and some places make it illegal to be nude in the company of a child even at home. In some place, breast feed is treated as a crime. Art depicting nonsexual nudity is banned in some places and many shops that develop film routinely undo any film that depicts nudity, and if a child is shown nude, no matter how innocent the context, the shop reports it to the authorities.Before you get the wrong idea I think Spencers philosophy i s complete crap. Utter crap, liberation through nudity? I dont have a slightest desire to be liberated because, well, as far as Im concerned, I am liberated. I feel liberated. I dont have to strip down to the shank and have someone capture that moment to feel good about myself or to wash away any misgivings I have in the past. And I think its enormously unpleasant seeing naked people lying down in a pavement road like Jewish victims sequent from the concentration camps of the Holocaust.Contrary to popular belief, the clothing we wear doesnt promote shame and reservation in the serviceman body but it intensifies the respect for human sanctity of our own body. In other words, the clothing is not here to hide or disguise your body like a cloak but to preserve them and treasure for someone you loved like a wedding veil. Heck, I guess you can even say that we humans, by our very nature, are evil and lustful. And our clothing, on most cases, serves as a cushion from our lecherous indiv iduality we all share since the beginning of adolescence to each other until you have met the right intimate companion.Although unlike many people, I know better. Or at least I did after a brother of mine did his very outmatch to enlighten me. I remember inviteing him quite a long time ago, out of curiosity, about the big deal on stopping nudists from base on balls around all nude and all, and he said that apparently in California, they are considering a local anaesthetic option law that would let local governments determine their own community standards, replacing the current state-wide standard. This means publication depicting nudity in a non-sexual context, or even a photo of ones naked baby in a bathtub, could be classified as obscene by the local standard.Electronic communications and network sites showing non-sexual nudity, such as people at a nude beach, would become criminal in that locality. Such laws are being pushed and passed throughout the homo because most folks a re not a free-thinking activist (or more likely, a cynical artist) like Spencer Tunick, or even a located nudist and think it does not affect them. But these laws are not only unjust to these people, but set terrible precedents against free expression and private property rights.This abridgement of the freedom of expression is a foot in the door to the suppression of all our rights and liberties. Spencer might not have meant it intentionally but his actions will take a greater resonance in the annals of freedom of expression than anyone can imagine. And by the way, if anyone had the witless audacity to approach me and ask me to pose nude for artistic reasons I tell them S no. Find someone else who desperately needs a boost on egoism or a misguided publicity stunt. Couldnt have said it more eloquently.

Is Motivation simply Manipulation? Essay

Introduction Theoretical Viewpoints on Motivation The subject of human motivation is quite complicated for a number of reasons. Firstly, humans mature more(prenominal) slowly than any other organisms on this planet, and for this, the motivational tendencies are acquired more slowly too. Secondly, the undivided is dependent on many of his fundamental satisfactions on other people this is illustrated on his/her use of symbolic language to communicate these ask to others (Franken 1994). Motivation is defined as the concept that represents the fundamental influence that drives behavior and providing its direction (Morris et al.1999, p 284).In organizational behavior the principles in the study of behavior, specially on motivational theories, are applied in the workplace. Such theories help explain what motivates people in their attitudes toward work, their employers and other aspects of employment in general. superstar major(ip) motivational model or theory more often used in organ izations and industries is the theory by Abraham Maslow (Smith et al 1982). More prominently called as the pecking order of needs, this theory explains an several(prenominal)s needs on different levels.On the theory, Maslow defines basic or fundamental needs as the individuals biological needs inter wobbleable hunger, thirst and rest. Maslow believes that on this basic level lies the evolution of the other so-called higher needs. If the lower levels are non satisfied, the implications mean the individual cannot or exit not move onto the higher levels (Morris et al. 1999, p. 302 Marx 1976). Maslows theory became a phenomenal one especially in industry because of its humanistic desirableness they seemed significant to people.It helps clarify why some work incentives are not effective for some people and situations. And managers in work settings can implement interventions in their workplaces based on their understanding of human behavior according to the hierarchy of needs (Berry 2002, p. 240). Internal and External Classification of Motivation Psychology recognizes different perspectives of motivation. One of these viewpoints pertains to the idea of motivational inducements, otherwise known as incentives. Incentives are referenced from either the vantage point of internal, or that of international motivation.An inducement coming from deep down the individual is called intrinsic or internal motivation. It is, according to Morris and Maisto, about the . . . desire to per stratum a behavior that originates within the individual. An inducement coming from outside the individual is called external or extrinsic motivation. It is the aspiration to do or achieve a goal in order to acquire a type of incentives or escape or steer clear of punishment (Morris and Maisto 1999, p. 316). Children are often induced by the presence of external incentives to perform expected tasks or turn away incurring punishment.For motivation experts, however, a person developing the internal type of motivation pass on reap more lasting and beneficial effects compared with external motivation (1999). To induce a child to do what the parents ask for by way of rewards or threats are at times less constructive or even detrimental to the overall performance of the person or child. Example of Motivation in the Workplace In a multinational phoner like National Panasonic, they practice and execute specific agenda for increasing motivation, one of which is Management by Objectives (MBO). They have faith in involving their employees in goal-setting and in decision-making.MBO kit and boodle by integrating goal-setting into individual participation in decision-making in order to establish individual work goals to which the employee feels reasonably committed. At the motivational level, it is theorized that resistance to change is decreased if individuals participate in decisions regarding change and that individuals accept and are more committed to decisions in which t hey have participated in making. To further encourage and extend involvement, the company provides suggestion boxes and hold monthly contests where they give monetary rewards for the best three suggestions.These give the employee a sense of achievement and responsibility for its success. For this company, the employees receive incentives in the form of Ladder promotion, general salary increase annually plus performance rating salary increases, CBA employees can expect a minimum of 15% increase in salary annually within three years and welfare benefits which include group insurances, medical insurance, accident benefits among others (Baron 1983). A company like this goes to such great lengths at least to assure that it does something for sustaining employees morale and motivation. Defining Manipulation.Strictly confining a term to its distinct definition enables the audience to fully procure the nuances of its meaning in other words when a person sticks to the exact meaning of th e word, confusion as to the other shades that might be attributed to its will be reduced and perhaps eliminated. In this case manipulation is defined as the use of anything (goods, ideas, services, etc. ) in exchange of something to the extent that exploitation is real may be occurring or that the person manipulated ends up losing something. The manipulator wants whats his and the manipulated is fooled into giving the former what that person wanted.In this exact context, when compared with motivation, definitely, the term manipulation is not its equivalent (Drebinger 2006). Motivation according to Drebinger (2006) is simply the act of helping someone achieve something that is beneficial to them. Along this vein, the intentions and usually the methods are honestly and morally near which is synonymous with such internal behavior/attitudes as impetus, drive and inspiration. There are risks involved such as being misinterpreted or misperceived which happens very unremarkably to alm ost anyone (Llewellyn 2003 Kitchener 2000). ConclusionEssentially, the role of motivation in a persons life is crucial to the understanding of human activities. Motivation is never noneffervescent because in life, there always presents a dynamic and changing pattern of needs. Internal and external motivation provides in brief, an astute way of explaining the whys of peoples behaviors.The line between motivation and manipulation however is thin, especially because the difference lies in the internal aspects, buried deep in the intellect, will and emotions of a person. Bibliography Atkinson, Rita L. , Richard C. Atkinson, and Ernest R.Hilgard. 1983. Introduction to Psychology. 8th ed. , advanced York Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. Baron, R. Behavior in Organizations Understanding and managing The Human Side of Work. Boston Allyn and Bacon, 1983. Berry, Lilly M. 1997.Psychology at Work An knowledgeability to Industrial and Organizational Psychology. 2nd Ed. New York McGraw Hill. D rebinger, John. 2002. Motivation vs. Manipulation in Archive of John Weekly Report John Drebinger Presentations. www. drebinger. com. Franken, R. E. 1994, Human Motivation (Belmont, CA, Wadsworth). Kitchener, K. S. 2000.Foundations of ethical practice, research, and teaching in psychology. Mahwah, NJ Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Llewellyn, David J. 2003. The Psychology of Risk Taking. Accessed in www. risktaking. co. uk. Marx, Melvin H. 1976. Introduction to Psychology Problems, Procedures, and Principles. Columbia Collier MacMillan. Morris, Charles G. , Maisto, Albert A. , 1999. Understanding Psychology. 4th ed. , Prentice Hall New Jersey, pp. 315-316. Smith, Ronald E. , Sarason, I. G. , and Sarason, B. R. 1982. Psychology The Frontiers of Behavior. 2nd Ed.. New York Harper and Row Publishers.